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Wednesday, June 10, 2015

The Peripatetic Philosopher reflects:


SHAME!

James R. Fisher, Jr., Ph.D.
© June 10, 2015



“Shame is a great restraint upon sinners at first; but hut soon falls off; and when men have once lost their innocence, their modesty is not like to be long troublesome to them.  For impudence comes on with vice, and grows up with it.  Lesser vices do not banish all shame and modesty; but great and abominable crimes harden men’s foreheads, and make them shameless.  When men have the heart to do a very bad thing, they seldom want the face to beat it out.”

John Tillotson (1630 – 1694), English Archbishop of Canterbury  



WHATEVER HAPPENED TO SHAME?


There was a time when we would be hesitant even afraid to share our most intimate thoughts with friends or family much less strangers on television or on social media such as Facebook.


There was a time when we would feel shame for talking back to our parents, teachers, priests and authority figures such as police officers.


There was a time when we wouldn’t be proud to misbehave in school, church, other public places.


There was a time when we would be ashamed to be caught stealing, lying, false accusing or damaging the reputation of others even if we didn’t like them.


Shame is a negative and a painful social emotion that collides with the social standards of the self.   It represents a clash between the “ideal self” programmed into the individual by society and the “real self” that pushes the envelope of social acceptance.


Shame is a cognitive play of the conscience that enables a society to exist with some modicum of civility, respect, affection and regard for the welfare and well being of others. 


When the conscience is lacking, then shame is corrupted or missing.   It can lead to “Kids Killing Kids” (1999) as Bob Larson shows, or extreme exhibitionism as shown on television reality and extreme confessional shows.


In the Tampa Bay area here in Florida some thirty young people, all but one African American, have been killed in random or gang shootings in the past year, children from preteens to teenagers. 


Shame may stem from acting without thinking or having a weak affect.  For example, Larson reports in his book of a seven-year-old boy tossing a toddler into the family pool and watching the boy drown, thinking he had done nothing wrong. 


The roots of the word shame are thought to derive from an older word meaning "to cover"; as such, covering oneself is a natural expression of shame.   Charles Darwin, in his book “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals” (1872), described shame affect as consisting of blushing, confusion of mind, downward cast eyes, slack posture, and lowered head, and he noted observations of shame affect in human populations worldwide.  He also noted the sense of warmth or heat with the face and skin occurring in intense shame.


A "sense of shame" is the consciousness or awareness of shame as a state or condition. Such shame cognition may occur as a result of the experience of shame affect or, more generally, in any situation of embarrassment, dishonor, disgrace, inadequacy, humiliation, or chagrin.


A condition or state of shame may also be assigned externally, by others, regardless of one's own experience or awareness.


"To shame" generally means to actively assign or communicate a state of shame to another.


Behaviors designed to "uncover" or "expose" others are sometimes used for this purpose, as are utterances like "Shame!" or "Shame on you!" Finally, to "have shame" means to maintain a sense of restraint against offending others (as with modesty, humility, and deference) while to "have no shame" is to behave without such restraint (as with excessive pride or hubris).



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Eve covers herself and lowers her head in shame in Rodin's Eve after the Fall.



“SENATOR, DO YOU HAVE NO SHAME?

ARMY-SENATOR McCARTHY HEARINGS!


On June 9, 1954, the 30th day of the Army–McCarthy hearings, McCarthy accused Fred Fisher, one of the junior attorneys at Welch's law firm, of associating while in law school with the National Lawyers Guild (NLG), a group that J. Edgar Hoover sought to have the U.S. attorney general designate as a Communist front organization.


Welch had privately discussed the matter with Fisher and the two agreed Fisher should withdraw from the hearings. Welch dismissed Fisher's association with the NLG as a youthful indiscretion and attacked McCarthy for naming the young man before a nationwide television audience without prior warning or previous agreement to do so.  Welch reflects with anger in his voice:


"Until this moment, Senator, I think I have never really gauged your cruelty or your recklessness. Fred Fisher is a young man who went to the Harvard Law School and came into my firm and is starting what looks to be a brilliant career with us. 


"Little did I dream you could be so reckless and so cruel as to do an injury to that lad. It is true he is still with Hale and Dorr. It is true that he will continue to be with Hale and Dorr. It is, I regret to say, equally true that I fear he shall always bear a scar needlessly inflicted by you. 

"If it were in my power to forgive you for your reckless cruelty I would do so. I like to think I am a gentle man, but your forgiveness will have to come from someone other than me."


When McCarthy tried to renew his attack, Welch interrupted him:


"Senator, may we not drop this? We know he belonged to the Lawyers Guild. Let us not assassinate this lad further, Senator. You've done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir? At long last, have you left no sense of decency?"


McCarthy tried to ask Welch another question about Fisher, and Welch interrupted:


"Mr. McCarthy, I will not discuss this further with you. You have sat within six feet of me and could have asked me about Fred Fisher. 


"You have seen fit to bring it out. And if there is a God in Heaven it will do neither you nor your cause any good. I will not discuss it further. I will not ask Mr. Cohn any more questions. You, Mr. Chairman, may, if you will, call the next witness."




Welch (left) being questioned by Senator Joe McCarthy (right) at the Army-McCarthy hearings, June 9, 1954. 


THE OTHER SIDE OF SHAME

There was a time when shame controlled human behavior within limits that were pronounced “shameful,” but are no longer so as human behavior has had the need for a little latitude to cope with an ever changing time and circumstance.


There was a time when a high school girl got pregnant and disappeared from site only to reappear nine months later.  Today fully with child she graduates with her class.


There was a time when there was so much shame to failure that it was hidden, lied about, or denied.  Now, it is fully understood that failure in school or at home or at work requires attention not detention.  We don’t all grow or progress at the same rate nor do we all mature in the same way.


There was a time when the confusion of our developing sexuality so alarmed us that we hid it first from ourselves and then from everyone else, ultimately to lead us into shameful circumstances not of our choosing.  Now, we are a bit more understanding about this and so many individuals have profited from this growing tolerance and acceptance.


There was a time when it was shameful for a boy not to act like a boy or a girl not to act like a girl, yet in point of fact biology is not psychology.  Sex role identity is learned behavior, not written at birth in concrete.


There was a time when if we did something terribly shameful, such as doing drugs, becoming an alcoholic, getting arrested and charged with driving while intoxicated, being caught stealing at school or work, or whatever that the equivalent of a Scarlet Letter was written across our foreheads.  Today, we are given a second chance because we as a people are more tolerant of ourselves and our own shortcomings.


Having said all that, decency and civility are seriously challenged in these postmodern times when a modicum of shame might be the right prescription.

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